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PostgreSQL PL/Java – A How-To, Part 2: How to Manipulate and Return Tuples

August 10, 2021

Author

Charly Batista

Insight for DBAs

Insight for Developers

PostgreSQL

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We discussed how to install and create a simple class in the first part of this series where we ran a SELECT and returned one row with one column with a formatted text. Now it’s time to expand and see how to return multiple tuples.

A little disclaimer here; I’m not going to comment much on the Java code because this is not intended to be a Java tutorial. The examples here are just for educational purposes, not intended to be of high performance or used in production!

Returning a Table Structure

This first example will show how we can select and return a table from a PL/Java function. We’ll keep using the table “customer” here and the probing SQL will be:

SELECT * FROM customer LIMIT 10;

1	SELECT * FROM customer LIMIT 10;

I will create a new Java class here called “CustomerResultSet” and the initial code is:

package com.percona.blog.pljava;<br><br>import java.sql.Connection;<br>import java.sql.DriverManager;<br>import java.sql.PreparedStatement;<br>import java.sql.ResultSet;<br>import java.sql.SQLException;<br><br>import org.postgresql.pljava.ResultSetHandle;<br><br>public class CustomerResultSet implements ResultSetHandle {<br>	private Connection conn;<br>	private PreparedStatement stmt;<br>	private final String m_url = "jdbc:default:connection";<br>	private final String sql = "select * FROM customer LIMIT 10";<br><br>	public CustomerResultSet() throws SQLException {<br>		conn = DriverManager.getConnection(m_url);<br>		stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);<br>	}<br><br>	@Override<br>	public void close() throws SQLException {<br>		stmt.close();<br>		conn.close();<br>	}<br><br>	@Override<br>	public ResultSet getResultSet() throws SQLException {<br>		return stmt.executeQuery();<br>	}<br><br>	public static ResultSetHandle getCustomerPayments() throws SQLException {<br>		return new CustomerResultSet();<br>	}<br>}

1

package com.percona.blog.pljava; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import org.postgresql.pljava.ResultSetHandle; public class CustomerResultSet implements ResultSetHandle { private Connection conn; private PreparedStatement stmt; private final String m_url = "jdbc:default:connection"; private final String sql = "select * FROM customer LIMIT 10"; public CustomerResultSet() throws SQLException { conn = DriverManager.getConnection(m_url); stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql); } @Override public void close() throws SQLException { stmt.close(); conn.close(); } @Override public ResultSet getResultSet() throws SQLException { return stmt.executeQuery(); } public static ResultSetHandle getCustomerPayments() throws SQLException { return new CustomerResultSet(); } }

Note that we are implementing the org.postgresql.pljava.ResultSetHandle interface provided by PL/Java. We need it because we are returning a complex object and the ResultSetHandle interface is appropriated when we don’t need to manipulate the returned tuples.

Now that we are using PL/Java objects we need to tell the compiler where to find those references and for this first example here we need the pljava-api jar, which in my case happens to be pljava-api-1.6.2.jar. If you remember from the first post I’ve compiled, the PL/Java I’m using here and my JAR file is located at “~/pljava-1_6_2/pljava-api/target/pljava-api-1.6.2.jar” and the compilation command will be:

javac -cp "~/pljava-1_6_2/pljava-api/target/pljava-api-1.6.2.jar" com/percona/blog/pljava/CustomerResultSet.java<br>jar -c -f /app/pg12/lib/pljavaPart2.jar com/percona/blog/pljava/CustomerResultSet.class

1	javac -cp "~/pljava-1_6_2/pljava-api/target/pljava-api-1.6.2.jar" com/percona/blog/pljava/CustomerResultSet.java<br>jar -c -f /app/pg12/lib/pljavaPart2.jar com/percona/blog/pljava/CustomerResultSet.class

With my new JAR file created, I can then install it into Postgres and create the function “getCustomerLimit10()“:

SELECT sqlj.install_jar( 'file:///app/pg12/lib/pljavaPart2.jar', 'pljavaPart2', true );<br>SELECT sqlj.set_classpath( 'public', 'pljavaPart2' );<br>CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION getCustomerLimit10() RETURNS SETOF customer AS 'com.percona.blog.pljava.CustomerResultSet.getCustomerLimit10' LANGUAGE java;

1	SELECT sqlj.install_jar( 'file:///app/pg12/lib/pljavaPart2.jar', 'pljavaPart2', true );<br>SELECT sqlj.set_classpath( 'public', 'pljavaPart2' );<br>CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION getCustomerLimit10() RETURNS SETOF customer AS 'com.percona.blog.pljava.CustomerResultSet.getCustomerLimit10' LANGUAGE java;

The result of the function call is:

test=# SELECT * FROM getCustomerLimit10();<br> customer_id | store_id | first_name | last_name |                email                | address_id | activebool | create_date |     last_update     | active <br>-------------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------+------------+------------+-------------+---------------------+--------<br>           1 |        1 | MARY       | SMITH     | MARY.SMITH@sakilacustomer.org       |          5 | t          | 2006-02-14  | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 |      1<br>           2 |        1 | PATRICIA   | JOHNSON   | PATRICIA.JOHNSON@sakilacustomer.org |          6 | t          | 2006-02-14  | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 |      1<br>           3 |        1 | LINDA      | WILLIAMS  | LINDA.WILLIAMS@sakilacustomer.org   |          7 | t          | 2006-02-14  | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 |      1<br>           4 |        2 | BARBARA    | JONES     | BARBARA.JONES@sakilacustomer.org    |          8 | t          | 2006-02-14  | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 |      1<br>           5 |        1 | ELIZABETH  | BROWN     | ELIZABETH.BROWN@sakilacustomer.org  |          9 | t          | 2006-02-14  | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 |      1<br>           6 |        2 | JENNIFER   | DAVIS     | JENNIFER.DAVIS@sakilacustomer.org   |         10 | t          | 2006-02-14  | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 |      1<br>           7 |        1 | MARIA      | MILLER    | MARIA.MILLER@sakilacustomer.org     |         11 | t          | 2006-02-14  | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 |      1<br>           8 |        2 | SUSAN      | WILSON    | SUSAN.WILSON@sakilacustomer.org     |         12 | t          | 2006-02-14  | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 |      1<br>           9 |        2 | MARGARET   | MOORE     | MARGARET.MOORE@sakilacustomer.org   |         13 | t          | 2006-02-14  | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 |      1<br>          10 |        1 | DOROTHY    | TAYLOR    | DOROTHY.TAYLOR@sakilacustomer.org   |         14 | t          | 2006-02-14  | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 |      1<br>(10 rows)<br><br>test=#

1

test=# SELECT * FROM getCustomerLimit10(); customer_id | store_id | first_name | last_name | email | address_id | activebool | create_date | last_update | active -------------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------+------------+------------+-------------+---------------------+-------- 1 | 1 | MARY | SMITH | [email protected] | 5 | t | 2006-02-14 | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 | 1 2 | 1 | PATRICIA | JOHNSON | [email protected] | 6 | t | 2006-02-14 | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 | 1 3 | 1 | LINDA | WILLIAMS | [email protected] | 7 | t | 2006-02-14 | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 | 1 4 | 2 | BARBARA | JONES | [email protected] | 8 | t | 2006-02-14 | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 | 1 5 | 1 | ELIZABETH | BROWN | [email protected] | 9 | t | 2006-02-14 | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 | 1 6 | 2 | JENNIFER | DAVIS | [email protected] | 10 | t | 2006-02-14 | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 | 1 7 | 1 | MARIA | MILLER | [email protected] | 11 | t | 2006-02-14 | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 | 1 8 | 2 | SUSAN | WILSON | [email protected] | 12 | t | 2006-02-14 | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 | 1 9 | 2 | MARGARET | MOORE | [email protected] | 13 | t | 2006-02-14 | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 | 1 10 | 1 | DOROTHY | TAYLOR | [email protected] | 14 | t | 2006-02-14 | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 | 1 (10 rows) test=#

Manipulating the Result Before Returning

Returning the result of a plain SQL has its usage like visibility/permissioning control, but we usually need to manipulate the results of a query before returning, and to do this we can implement the interface “org.postgresql.pljava.ResultSetProvider“.

I will implement a simple method to anonymize sensitive data with a hash function in the following example. I’ll also create a helper class to deal with the hash and cryptographic functions to keep the CustomerResultSet class clean:

/**<br> * Crypto helper class that will contain all hashing and cryptographic functions<br> */<br>package com.percona.blog.pljava;<br><br>import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;<br>import java.security.MessageDigest;<br>import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;<br><br>public class Crypto {<br>	MessageDigest digest;<br>	<br>	public Crypto() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {<br>		digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");<br>	}<br>	<br>	public String bytesToHex(byte[] hash) {<br>		StringBuilder hexString = new StringBuilder(2 * hash.length);<br>		for (int i = 0; i < hash.length; i++) {<br>			String hex = Integer.toHexString(0xff & hash[i]);<br>			if (hex.length() == 1) {<br>				hexString.append('0');<br>			}<br>			hexString.append(hex);<br>		}<br>		return hexString.toString();<br>	}<br>	<br>	public String encode(String data, int min, int max) {<br>		double salt = Math.random();<br>		int sbstring = (int) ((Math.random() * ((max - min) + 1)) + min);<br><br>		return bytesToHex(digest.digest((data + salt).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))).substring(0, sbstring);<br>	}<br>}<br><br>/**<br> * CustomerHash class<br> */<br>package com.percona.blog.pljava;<br><br>import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;<br>import java.sql.Connection;<br>import java.sql.DriverManager;<br>import java.sql.PreparedStatement;<br>import java.sql.ResultSet;<br>import java.sql.SQLException;<br>import java.util.logging.Level;<br>import java.util.logging.Logger;<br><br>import org.postgresql.pljava.ResultSetProvider;<br><br>public class CustomerHash implements ResultSetProvider {<br>	private final Connection conn;<br>	private final PreparedStatement stmt;<br>	private final ResultSet rs;<br>	private final Crypto crypto;<br>	<br>	private final String m_url = "jdbc:default:connection";<br><br>	public CustomerHash(int id) throws SQLException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {<br>		String query;<br>		<br>		crypto = new Crypto();<br>		query = "SELECT * FROM customer WHERE customer_id = ?";<br>		conn = DriverManager.getConnection(m_url);<br>		stmt = conn.prepareStatement(query);<br>		stmt.setInt(1, id);<br>		rs = stmt.executeQuery();<br>	}<br>	<br>	@Override<br>	public void close() throws SQLException {<br>		stmt.close();<br>		conn.close();<br>	}<br>	<br>	@Override<br>	public boolean assignRowValues(ResultSet receiver, int currentRow) throws SQLException {		<br>		if (!rs.next())<br>			return false;<br>		<br>		try {<br>			receiver.updateInt(1, rs.getInt("customer_id"));<br>			receiver.updateInt(2, rs.getInt("store_id"));<br>			receiver.updateString(3, crypto.encode(rs.getString("first_name"), 5, 45));<br>			receiver.updateString(4, crypto.encode(rs.getString("last_name"), 5, 45));<br>			receiver.updateString(5, crypto.encode(rs.getString("email"), 5, 41) + "@mail.com");<br>			receiver.updateInt(6, rs.getInt("address_id"));<br>			receiver.updateBoolean(7, rs.getBoolean("activebool"));<br>			receiver.updateDate(8, rs.getDate("create_date"));<br>			receiver.updateTimestamp(9, rs.getTimestamp("last_update"));<br>			receiver.updateInt(10, rs.getInt("active"));<br>			<br>		} catch (Exception e) {<br>			Logger.getAnonymousLogger().log(Level.parse("SEVERE"), e.getMessage());<br>		}<br>		return true;<br>	}<br>	<br>	public static ResultSetProvider getCustomerAnonymized(int id) throws SQLException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {<br>		return new CustomerHash(id);<br>	}<br><br>}

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/** * Crypto helper class that will contain all hashing and cryptographic functions */ package com.percona.blog.pljava; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; import java.security.MessageDigest; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; public class Crypto { MessageDigest digest; public Crypto() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException { digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256"); } public String bytesToHex(byte[] hash) { StringBuilder hexString = new StringBuilder(2 * hash.length); for (int i = 0; i < hash.length; i++) { String hex = Integer.toHexString(0xff & hash[i]); if (hex.length() == 1) { hexString.append('0'); } hexString.append(hex); } return hexString.toString(); } public String encode(String data, int min, int max) { double salt = Math.random(); int sbstring = (int) ((Math.random() * ((max - min) + 1)) + min); return bytesToHex(digest.digest((data + salt).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))).substring(0, sbstring); } } /** * CustomerHash class */ package com.percona.blog.pljava; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.logging.Level; import java.util.logging.Logger; import org.postgresql.pljava.ResultSetProvider; public class CustomerHash implements ResultSetProvider { private final Connection conn; private final PreparedStatement stmt; private final ResultSet rs; private final Crypto crypto; private final String m_url = "jdbc:default:connection"; public CustomerHash(int id) throws SQLException, NoSuchAlgorithmException { String query; crypto = new Crypto(); query = "SELECT * FROM customer WHERE customer_id = ?"; conn = DriverManager.getConnection(m_url); stmt = conn.prepareStatement(query); stmt.setInt(1, id); rs = stmt.executeQuery(); } @Override public void close() throws SQLException { stmt.close(); conn.close(); } @Override public boolean assignRowValues(ResultSet receiver, int currentRow) throws SQLException { if (!rs.next()) return false; try { receiver.updateInt(1, rs.getInt("customer_id")); receiver.updateInt(2, rs.getInt("store_id")); receiver.updateString(3, crypto.encode(rs.getString("first_name"), 5, 45)); receiver.updateString(4, crypto.encode(rs.getString("last_name"), 5, 45)); receiver.updateString(5, crypto.encode(rs.getString("email"), 5, 41) + "@mail.com"); receiver.updateInt(6, rs.getInt("address_id")); receiver.updateBoolean(7, rs.getBoolean("activebool")); receiver.updateDate(8, rs.getDate("create_date")); receiver.updateTimestamp(9, rs.getTimestamp("last_update")); receiver.updateInt(10, rs.getInt("active")); } catch (Exception e) { Logger.getAnonymousLogger().log(Level.parse("SEVERE"), e.getMessage()); } return true; } public static ResultSetProvider getCustomerAnonymized(int id) throws SQLException, NoSuchAlgorithmException { return new CustomerHash(id); } }

The number of classes is increasing, so instead of mentioning them one by one let’s just use the “.java” to build the classes and the “.class” to create the jar:

javac -cp "~/pljava-1_6_2/build/pljava-api-1.6.2.jar" com/percona/blog/pljava/*.java<br>jar -c -f /app/pg12/lib/pljavaPart2.jar com/percona/blog/pljava/*.class

1	javac -cp "~/pljava-1_6_2/build/pljava-api-1.6.2.jar" com/percona/blog/pljava/.java<br>jar -c -f /app/pg12/lib/pljavaPart2.jar com/percona/blog/pljava/.class

Remember that every time we change our JAR file we need to also reload it into Postgres. Check the next example and you’ll see that I’m reloading the JAR file, creating and testing our new function/method:

test=# SELECT sqlj.replace_jar( 'file:///app/pg12/lib/pljavaPart2.jar', 'pljavaPart2', true );<br> replace_jar <br>-------------<br> <br>(1 row)<br><br>test=# CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION getCustomerAnonymized(int) RETURNS SETOF customer AS 'com.percona.blog.pljava.CustomerHash.getCustomerAnonymized' LANGUAGE java;<br>CREATE FUNCTION<br><br>test=# SELECT * FROM getCustomerAnonymized(9);<br> customer_id | store_id |     first_name      |              last_name              |                  email                  | address_id | activebool | create_date |     last_update     | ac<br>tive <br>-------------+----------+---------------------+-------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+------------+------------+-------------+---------------------+---<br>-----<br>           9 |        2 | 72e2616ef0075e81929 | 3559c00ee546ae0062460c8faa4f24960f1 | 24854ed40ed42b57f077cb1cfaf916@mail.com |         13 | t          | 2006-02-14  | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 |   <br>   1<br>(1 row)<br><br>test=#

1

Great! We now have a method to anonymize data!

Triggers

The last topic of this second part will be about “triggers”, and to make it a bit more interesting we will create a trigger to encrypt the sensitive data of our table. The anonymization using the hash function in the previous example is great, but what happens if we have unauthorized access to the database? The data is saved in plain text!

To make this example as small as possible I won’t bother with securing the keys, as we will do it in part three of this series when we’ll use Java to access external resources using Vault to secure our keys, so stay tuned!

Ok, the first thing we need to do is to create the pair of keys we need to encrypt/decrypt our data. I’ll use “OpenSSL” to create them and gonna store them into a table named “keys”!

openssl genrsa -out keypair.pem 2048<br>openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -nocrypt -in keypair.pem -outform PEM -out private.pem<br>openssl rsa -in keypair.pem -outform PEM -pubout -out public.pem

1	openssl genrsa -out keypair.pem 2048<br>openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -nocrypt -in keypair.pem -outform PEM -out private.pem<br>openssl rsa -in keypair.pem -outform PEM -pubout -out public.pem

Now that we have the keys we need to sanitize the key files to remove the header and footer data from both the private and public keys, and also remove all break-lines, or else our Java code will complain:

echo -n "CREATE TABLE keys(id int primary key, priv varchar not null, pub varchar not null); INSERT INTO keys VALUES(1, '" > keys.sql<br>cat private.pem | sed '1d;$d' | sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/n//g' | tr -d 'n' >> keys.sql<br>echo -n "', '" >> keys.sql<br>cat public.pem | sed '1d;$d' | sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/n//g' | tr -d 'n' >> keys.sql<br>echo -n "');" >> keys.sql<br><br>psql test < keys.sql

1

echo -n "CREATE TABLE keys(id int primary key, priv varchar not null, pub varchar not null); INSERT INTO keys VALUES(1, '" > keys.sql cat private.pem | sed '1d;$d' | sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/n//g' | tr -d 'n' >> keys.sql echo -n "', '" >> keys.sql cat public.pem | sed '1d;$d' | sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/n//g' | tr -d 'n' >> keys.sql echo -n "');" >> keys.sql psql test < keys.sql

It will look like this when sanitized:

CREATE TABLE keys(id int primary key, priv varchar not null, pub varchar not null); INSERT INTO keys VALUES(1, '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', 'MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAogAOAROuCWaV8CBn7FGp8i//3ayHBWdXJoglus1jsXOpy/AEN9zD8kLqfIP6HIiRRp/3hBGDr0TFdqVTaN6gd1UFOFh0VpKttse5kX7oR5gJwCQN3YnOX4idWgkIKO7RKpRj3NFqi/ozFF4elppLatZA2WoFBiUaK8NH+SGo+tD8nGxrYCmig3OFR3qZDdY5dK4aSQc4wXobrwfPCy1yf3B7DDqd6uevYy7B7aspggNsD+vJXbXyrTqMD1vbaICFJoFmNGdpVpXn65c5k9oNy/6GGz1MQpqbTgDBQ/DWo3QOdfKIWQAvEj31LA+AsC/PaD6zGZV+EZE7nOVLwR4iqwIDAQAB');

1

CREATE TABLE keys(id int primary key, priv varchar not null, pub varchar not null); INSERT INTO keys VALUES(1, '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', 'MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAogAOAROuCWaV8CBn7FGp8i//3ayHBWdXJoglus1jsXOpy/AEN9zD8kLqfIP6HIiRRp/3hBGDr0TFdqVTaN6gd1UFOFh0VpKttse5kX7oR5gJwCQN3YnOX4idWgkIKO7RKpRj3NFqi/ozFF4elppLatZA2WoFBiUaK8NH+SGo+tD8nGxrYCmig3OFR3qZDdY5dK4aSQc4wXobrwfPCy1yf3B7DDqd6uevYy7B7aspggNsD+vJXbXyrTqMD1vbaICFJoFmNGdpVpXn65c5k9oNy/6GGz1MQpqbTgDBQ/DWo3QOdfKIWQAvEj31LA+AsC/PaD6zGZV+EZE7nOVLwR4iqwIDAQAB');

After done with populating the table we should have a nice table with both private and public keys. Now is the time to create our Java classes. I’ll reuse the “Crypto” class for the cryptographic functions and create a new class to add our trigger functions. I’ll only add the relevant part of the Crypto class here, but you can find the code described here on my GitHub page here[1] including Part One (and Part Three) when released. Let’s get to the code:

/**<br> * This is the relevant part of the Crypto class that will encrypt and decrypt our data using the certificates we generated above.<br> */<br>	public PublicKey getPublicKey(String base64PublicKey) {<br>		PublicKey publicKey = null;<br>		try {<br>			X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(base64PublicKey.getBytes()));<br>			KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");<br>			publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);<br>			return publicKey;<br>		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {<br>			e.printStackTrace();<br>		} catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {<br>			e.printStackTrace();<br>		}<br>		return publicKey;<br>	}<br><br>	public PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String base64PrivateKey) {<br>		PrivateKey privateKey = null;<br>		PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(base64PrivateKey.getBytes()));<br>		KeyFactory keyFactory = null;<br>		try {<br>			keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");<br>		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {<br>			e.printStackTrace();<br>		}<br>		try {<br>			privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec);<br>		} catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {<br>			e.printStackTrace();<br>		}<br>		return privateKey;<br>	}<br><br>	public String encrypt(String data, PublicKey publicKey) throws BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException,<br>			InvalidKeyException, NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {<br>		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding");<br>		cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);<br>		return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes()));<br>	}<br>	<br>	public String decrypt(String data, PrivateKey privateKey) throws NoSuchPaddingException,<br>			NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException {<br>		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding");<br>		cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);<br>		return new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(data)));<br>	}

1

/** * This is the relevant part of the Crypto class that will encrypt and decrypt our data using the certificates we generated above. */ public PublicKey getPublicKey(String base64PublicKey) { PublicKey publicKey = null; try { X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(base64PublicKey.getBytes())); KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA"); publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec); return publicKey; } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return publicKey; } public PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String base64PrivateKey) { PrivateKey privateKey = null; PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.getDecoder().decode(base64PrivateKey.getBytes())); KeyFactory keyFactory = null; try { keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA"); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec); } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return privateKey; } public String encrypt(String data, PublicKey publicKey) throws BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, InvalidKeyException, NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException { Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding"); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey); return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes())); } public String decrypt(String data, PrivateKey privateKey) throws NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException { Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding"); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey); return new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(data))); }

Now we can implement the class with both functions – the trigger function to encrypt and a function to decrypt when we need to SELECT the data:

package com.percona.blog.pljava;<br><br>import java.security.InvalidKeyException;<br>import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;<br>import java.security.PrivateKey;<br>import java.security.PublicKey;<br>import java.sql.Connection;<br>import java.sql.DriverManager;<br>import java.sql.PreparedStatement;<br>import java.sql.ResultSet;<br>import java.sql.SQLException;<br>import java.util.logging.Level;<br>import java.util.logging.Logger;<br><br>import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;<br>import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;<br>import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;<br><br>import org.postgresql.pljava.ResultSetProvider;<br>import org.postgresql.pljava.TriggerData;<br><br>public class CustomerCrypto implements ResultSetProvider {<br>	private final String m_url = "jdbc:default:connection";<br>	private final Connection conn;<br>	private PreparedStatement stmt;<br>	private ResultSet rs;<br><br>	//<br>	private PrivateKey privateKey;<br>	private PublicKey publicKey;<br><br>	public CustomerCrypto() throws SQLException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {<br>		String query;<br><br>		query = "SELECT * FROM keys WHERE id = 1";<br>		conn = DriverManager.getConnection(m_url);<br>		stmt = conn.prepareStatement(query);<br>		rs = stmt.executeQuery();<br>		if (!rs.next())<br>			throw new SQLException("Keys not found!");<br><br>		privateKey = Crypto.getPrivateKey(rs.getString("priv"));<br>		publicKey = Crypto.getPublicKey(rs.getString("pub"));<br>	}<br>	<br>	public void processQuery(int id) throws SQLException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {<br>		String query;<br>		query = "SELECT * FROM customer WHERE customer_id = ?";<br>		stmt = conn.prepareStatement(query);<br>		stmt.setInt(1, id);<br>		rs = stmt.executeQuery();<br>	}<br><br>	@Override<br>	public void close() throws SQLException {<br>		stmt.close();<br>		conn.close();<br>	}<br><br>	public static int getLineNumber() {<br>		return Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[2].getLineNumber();<br>	}<br><br>	@Override<br>	public boolean assignRowValues(ResultSet receiver, int currentRow) throws SQLException {<br>		if (!rs.next())<br>			return false;<br><br>		try {<br>			receiver.updateInt(1, rs.getInt("customer_id"));<br>			receiver.updateInt(2, rs.getInt("store_id"));<br>			receiver.updateString(3, Crypto.decrypt(rs.getString("first_name"), this.privateKey));<br>			receiver.updateString(4, Crypto.decrypt(rs.getString("last_name"), this.privateKey));<br>			receiver.updateString(5, Crypto.decrypt(rs.getString("email"), this.privateKey));<br>			receiver.updateInt(6, rs.getInt("address_id"));<br>			receiver.updateBoolean(7, rs.getBoolean("activebool"));<br>			receiver.updateDate(8, rs.getDate("create_date"));<br>			receiver.updateTimestamp(9, rs.getTimestamp("last_update"));<br>			receiver.updateInt(10, rs.getInt("active"));<br><br>		} catch (Exception e) {<br>			Logger.getAnonymousLogger().log(Level.parse("SEVERE"), e.getMessage());<br>		}<br>		return true;<br>	}<br>	<br>	private void encryptData(TriggerData td) throws InvalidKeyException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, SQLException {<br>		ResultSet _new = td.getNew();<br>		<br>		_new.updateString("first_name", Crypto.encrypt(_new.getString("first_name"), this.publicKey));<br>		_new.updateString("last_name", Crypto.encrypt(_new.getString("last_name"), this.publicKey));<br>		_new.updateString("email", Crypto.encrypt(_new.getString("email"), this.publicKey));<br>	}<br>	<br>	public static void customerBeforeInsertUpdate(TriggerData td) throws SQLException, InvalidKeyException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {<br>		CustomerCrypto ret = new CustomerCrypto();<br>		ret.encryptData(td);<br>	}<br><br>	public static ResultSetProvider getCustomerCrypto(int id) throws SQLException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {<br>		CustomerCrypto ret = new CustomerCrypto();<br>		ret.processQuery(id);<br>		<br>		return ret;<br>	}<br><br>}

1

package com.percona.blog.pljava; import java.security.InvalidKeyException; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.security.PrivateKey; import java.security.PublicKey; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.logging.Level; import java.util.logging.Logger; import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException; import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException; import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException; import org.postgresql.pljava.ResultSetProvider; import org.postgresql.pljava.TriggerData; public class CustomerCrypto implements ResultSetProvider { private final String m_url = "jdbc:default:connection"; private final Connection conn; private PreparedStatement stmt; private ResultSet rs; // private PrivateKey privateKey; private PublicKey publicKey; public CustomerCrypto() throws SQLException, NoSuchAlgorithmException { String query; query = "SELECT * FROM keys WHERE id = 1"; conn = DriverManager.getConnection(m_url); stmt = conn.prepareStatement(query); rs = stmt.executeQuery(); if (!rs.next()) throw new SQLException("Keys not found!"); privateKey = Crypto.getPrivateKey(rs.getString("priv")); publicKey = Crypto.getPublicKey(rs.getString("pub")); } public void processQuery(int id) throws SQLException, NoSuchAlgorithmException { String query; query = "SELECT * FROM customer WHERE customer_id = ?"; stmt = conn.prepareStatement(query); stmt.setInt(1, id); rs = stmt.executeQuery(); } @Override public void close() throws SQLException { stmt.close(); conn.close(); } public static int getLineNumber() { return Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[2].getLineNumber(); } @Override public boolean assignRowValues(ResultSet receiver, int currentRow) throws SQLException { if (!rs.next()) return false; try { receiver.updateInt(1, rs.getInt("customer_id")); receiver.updateInt(2, rs.getInt("store_id")); receiver.updateString(3, Crypto.decrypt(rs.getString("first_name"), this.privateKey)); receiver.updateString(4, Crypto.decrypt(rs.getString("last_name"), this.privateKey)); receiver.updateString(5, Crypto.decrypt(rs.getString("email"), this.privateKey)); receiver.updateInt(6, rs.getInt("address_id")); receiver.updateBoolean(7, rs.getBoolean("activebool")); receiver.updateDate(8, rs.getDate("create_date")); receiver.updateTimestamp(9, rs.getTimestamp("last_update")); receiver.updateInt(10, rs.getInt("active")); } catch (Exception e) { Logger.getAnonymousLogger().log(Level.parse("SEVERE"), e.getMessage()); } return true; } private void encryptData(TriggerData td) throws InvalidKeyException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, SQLException { ResultSet _new = td.getNew(); _new.updateString("first_name", Crypto.encrypt(_new.getString("first_name"), this.publicKey)); _new.updateString("last_name", Crypto.encrypt(_new.getString("last_name"), this.publicKey)); _new.updateString("email", Crypto.encrypt(_new.getString("email"), this.publicKey)); } public static void customerBeforeInsertUpdate(TriggerData td) throws SQLException, InvalidKeyException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException { CustomerCrypto ret = new CustomerCrypto(); ret.encryptData(td); } public static ResultSetProvider getCustomerCrypto(int id) throws SQLException, NoSuchAlgorithmException { CustomerCrypto ret = new CustomerCrypto(); ret.processQuery(id); return ret; } }

The relevant parts of the code above are the “customerBeforeInsertUpdate” and “encryptData” methods, the former being the static method the database will access. The PL/Java on Postgres expects to find a static method with “void (TriggerData)” signature. It will call the “encryptData” method of the “CustomerCrypto” object to do the job. The “encryptData” method will recover the resultset from the “NEW” pointer that is passed through the “TriggerData” object and then change the value to crypt the data. We need to call the trigger in the “BEFORE” event because we need to crypt it before it is persisted.

Another important method is the “getCustomerCrypto“. We need to be able to get the data decrypted and this method will help us. Here, we use the same technique we used in the previous example where we implemented the “ResultSetProvider” interface and manipulated the data before returning the resultset. Take a closer look at the “assignRowValues” method and you’ll see that we are decrypting the data there with “Crypto.decrypt” method!

Ok, time to compile the code and check if it really works:

javac -cp "/v01/proj/percona/blog/pljava/pljava-1_6_2/build/pljava-api-1.6.2.jar" com/percona/blog/pljava/*.java<br>jar -c -f /app/pg12/lib/pljavaPart2.jar com/percona/blog/pljava/*.class

1	javac -cp "/v01/proj/percona/blog/pljava/pljava-1_6_2/build/pljava-api-1.6.2.jar" com/percona/blog/pljava/.java<br>jar -c -f /app/pg12/lib/pljavaPart2.jar com/percona/blog/pljava/.class

And create the database objects:

SELECT sqlj.replace_jar( 'file:///app/pg12/lib/pljavaPart2.jar', 'pljavaPart2', true );<br><br>CREATE FUNCTION customerBeforeInsertUpdate()<br>			RETURNS trigger<br>			AS 'com.percona.blog.pljava.CustomerCrypto.customerBeforeInsertUpdate'<br>			LANGUAGE java;<br><br>CREATE TRIGGER tg_customerBeforeInsertUpdate<br>			BEFORE INSERT ON customer<br>			FOR EACH ROW<br>			EXECUTE PROCEDURE customerBeforeInsertUpdate();

1

SELECT sqlj.replace_jar( 'file:///app/pg12/lib/pljavaPart2.jar', 'pljavaPart2', true ); CREATE FUNCTION customerBeforeInsertUpdate() RETURNS trigger AS 'com.percona.blog.pljava.CustomerCrypto.customerBeforeInsertUpdate' LANGUAGE java; CREATE TRIGGER tg_customerBeforeInsertUpdate BEFORE INSERT ON customer FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE customerBeforeInsertUpdate();

At this point, our data isn’t encrypted yet but we can do it with a noop update and the trigger will do its magic:

test=# SELECT * FROM customer LIMIT 3;<br> customer_id | store_id | first_name | last_name |                email                | address_id | activebool | create_date |     last_update     | active <br>-------------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------+------------+------------+-------------+---------------------+--------<br>           1 |        1 | MARY       | SMITH     | MARY.SMITH@sakilacustomer.org       |          5 | t          | 2006-02-14  | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 |      1<br>           2 |        1 | PATRICIA   | JOHNSON   | PATRICIA.JOHNSON@sakilacustomer.org |          6 | t          | 2006-02-14  | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 |      1<br>           3 |        1 | LINDA      | WILLIAMS  | LINDA.WILLIAMS@sakilacustomer.org   |          7 | t          | 2006-02-14  | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 |      1<br>(3 rows)<br><br>test=# UPDATE customer SET first_name = first_name, last_name = last_name, email = email;<br>UPDATE 599<br><br>test=# SELECT * FROM customer LIMIT 3;<br> customer_id | store_id |                                                                                                                                                                       <br> first_name                                                                                                                                                                        |            <br>                                                                                                                                                            last_name                           <br>                                                                                                                                              |                                                 <br>                                                                                                                         email                                                                  <br>                                                                                                         | address_id | activebool | create_date |        last_update         | active <br>-------------+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------<br>------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------<br>------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------+-------------+----------------------------+--------<br>           3 |        1 | DT8oXb0VQvtFSIOv61zZfmUrpjWWGoeyl8D8tQl7naCLT31WlJn3U+uILYqUedSOdDSO17QdQKwChWG+DrcvYEih9RYyEPR2ja9deN4cn+vwHt/v09HDfmwrsJUt0UgP/fp78hCxkJDAV50KkMUsA23aeH5HRn9nCHOH0P<br>AcuId+7acCgwvU9YP8Sx2KVeVnLaBrzpeRLrsmAczQLUAXilXfdFC8uT2APBfwx1So2eCe+kSOsjcu1yTwlsa95Dnfu/N++Zm1D4knKUrAuNm5svTHjIz+B4HKXFMPz/Yk7KYF6ThB6OshIomyRvSEtKu5torfdwAvT3tsgP2DLWiKgQ== | H0YRoi10z36<br>tnNSXpBs/oYfMQRbAhfUYLIcE885Dhxmy2mbuhecCCqPcye5/++MhUwmEQG2pBgfsqWHLOnAgbqjaG3O0reipVysYK7cMysX1w5RVINsyD5H3vCqgnHESfdRuhW3b00InkR2qCtBYX1QJ1tKJZz89D2AOjoTq5jTum00vcLT06h6ZxVh1RKLNAuGpY9qN57m<br>/9a4JZuff9poYjw2PPQ6kTxhtbFl3bw+B3sJUcLFuFMYUoAAHsVETQRAerH1ncG9Uxi+xQjUtTVBqZdjvED+eydetH7vsnjBuYDtXD9XAn14qmALx5NfvwpU5jfpMOPOM4xP1BRVA2Q== | DpWBfhhii4LRPxZ9XJy8xoNne+qm051wD5Gd9AMHc+oIhx/B<br>ln6H+lcAM3625rKN1Vw/lG6VkQo2EnoZz/bhFtULvAOAUiBxerBDbYe0lYWqI50NxnFJbkexMkjDSiuoglh3ilRBn6Z+WGLc7FfEprOd1+tULW2gcwLI68uoEhfSY7INQZuGXfOUMAM4roB2fWvEfylL1ShbiGTRjX7KGXQbXLJtm7xel8J2VhdCecXzxzY2<br>Mtnu3EXGNpFy9atTXxE/fI0C5AX/u2FDZiOHz9xV7sB3atcqAeXwJB0smpBnPbwI3BN+ptzsWnhyFNNS+ol4QayMDgFhi/tp2+lCAQ== |          7 | t          | 2006-02-14  | 2021-08-08 19:10:29.337653 |      1<br>           4 |        2 | jo3zKr6lJ5zMN5f3/BPgENhs9CdzDu7F/uFxAf6uO9MAKc7X+++ipk/OBbvvA8vpaJ7DTgph9LshRvpYIqPMwS6IubkScDOSRDoLBNW9z2oMF3dB46R86LK0pTEVVrGaddjnPzaAEh7Uwzy3LncC1y7pJqGKW1b3RGUE8n<br>4SgstMo/4tRNUe/AUcPn9FXkCoc5jFvn8gPwVoTRKwhYu0oTco2gNKZs1rmFdmkmobGaMjZuhWyWG2PO1oXIVPkpgILmD42yAMDxWkS4DVvgJChXJRukjBzfOitsQwHapjqPqf/q3mfBaQzNUwROcSfGBe6KlI5yfjWU309KRKaCYWNQ== | MMhPovG/N3k<br>Xjou6kS9V7QtEvlA5NS8/n62KVRVVGEnsh5bhwEhBZxlK72AQv8e4niATWPEiJJU6i7Z08NkU5FWNIvuWwlGTdEEW+kK7XQXib6cNAdnmo4RH72SWhDxEp3tMwwoZif2932H8WDEbNdP6bCP69ekBA7Z+nGtXaeh+H9BAaLf1e6XunBj2YN7zs4sFWB2Kxs2<br>IugLWd9g9677BWzUeJIzpJfVLro4HYlzASh9AMKb8wPRU0LlEpxtqUdejj7IY5M1hVhDTCCLSQjSqJscqzG1pYQ04W7KNdGwWxJPMjvyPC2K4H+HQuW0IWVjvFpyYd/5q1eIQX+vjdw== | oF4nyIjtVtWuydg6QiSg3BDadWe48nhbBEZSLrR5GVigA768<br>E3n1npN6sdstzG7bRVnphtfwIZwQ3MUFURWCbUCe0VqioNgVXFhiRvr3DAw2AH64ss/h65B2U5whAygnq4kiy5JvPD0z0omtfs9913QeoO+ilvPVLEc0q3n0jD9ZQlkNVfHSytx1NY86gWnESquTVhkVQ55QDV8GY70YLX9V6nU7ldu+zpNLmf2+rfpxqbRC<br>i16jnHGDcTT7CKeq+AxbiJDeaaAmSPpxTZsrX4sXFW4rpNtSmOyuyHZziy8rkN8xSpyhvrmxjC7EYe4bn6L/+hay108Wn0BSFYe2ow== |          8 | t          | 2006-02-14  | 2021-08-08 19:10:29.337653 |      1<br><...><br>(3 rows)<br><br>test=#

1

test=# SELECT * FROM customer LIMIT 3; customer_id | store_id | first_name | last_name | email | address_id | activebool | create_date | last_update | active -------------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------------------------------+------------+------------+-------------+---------------------+-------- 1 | 1 | MARY | SMITH | [email protected] | 5 | t | 2006-02-14 | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 | 1 2 | 1 | PATRICIA | JOHNSON | [email protected] | 6 | t | 2006-02-14 | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 | 1 3 | 1 | LINDA | WILLIAMS | [email protected] | 7 | t | 2006-02-14 | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 | 1 (3 rows) test=# UPDATE customer SET first_name = first_name, last_name = last_name, email = email; UPDATE 599 test=# SELECT * FROM customer LIMIT 3; customer_id | store_id | first_name | last_name | email | address_id | activebool | create_date | last_update | active -------------+----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------+-------------+----------------------------+-------- 3 | 1 | DT8oXb0VQvtFSIOv61zZfmUrpjWWGoeyl8D8tQl7naCLT31WlJn3U+uILYqUedSOdDSO17QdQKwChWG+DrcvYEih9RYyEPR2ja9deN4cn+vwHt/v09HDfmwrsJUt0UgP/fp78hCxkJDAV50KkMUsA23aeH5HRn9nCHOH0P AcuId+7acCgwvU9YP8Sx2KVeVnLaBrzpeRLrsmAczQLUAXilXfdFC8uT2APBfwx1So2eCe+kSOsjcu1yTwlsa95Dnfu/N++Zm1D4knKUrAuNm5svTHjIz+B4HKXFMPz/Yk7KYF6ThB6OshIomyRvSEtKu5torfdwAvT3tsgP2DLWiKgQ== | H0YRoi10z36 tnNSXpBs/oYfMQRbAhfUYLIcE885Dhxmy2mbuhecCCqPcye5/++MhUwmEQG2pBgfsqWHLOnAgbqjaG3O0reipVysYK7cMysX1w5RVINsyD5H3vCqgnHESfdRuhW3b00InkR2qCtBYX1QJ1tKJZz89D2AOjoTq5jTum00vcLT06h6ZxVh1RKLNAuGpY9qN57m /9a4JZuff9poYjw2PPQ6kTxhtbFl3bw+B3sJUcLFuFMYUoAAHsVETQRAerH1ncG9Uxi+xQjUtTVBqZdjvED+eydetH7vsnjBuYDtXD9XAn14qmALx5NfvwpU5jfpMOPOM4xP1BRVA2Q== | DpWBfhhii4LRPxZ9XJy8xoNne+qm051wD5Gd9AMHc+oIhx/B ln6H+lcAM3625rKN1Vw/lG6VkQo2EnoZz/bhFtULvAOAUiBxerBDbYe0lYWqI50NxnFJbkexMkjDSiuoglh3ilRBn6Z+WGLc7FfEprOd1+tULW2gcwLI68uoEhfSY7INQZuGXfOUMAM4roB2fWvEfylL1ShbiGTRjX7KGXQbXLJtm7xel8J2VhdCecXzxzY2 Mtnu3EXGNpFy9atTXxE/fI0C5AX/u2FDZiOHz9xV7sB3atcqAeXwJB0smpBnPbwI3BN+ptzsWnhyFNNS+ol4QayMDgFhi/tp2+lCAQ== | 7 | t | 2006-02-14 | 2021-08-08 19:10:29.337653 | 1 4 | 2 | jo3zKr6lJ5zMN5f3/BPgENhs9CdzDu7F/uFxAf6uO9MAKc7X+++ipk/OBbvvA8vpaJ7DTgph9LshRvpYIqPMwS6IubkScDOSRDoLBNW9z2oMF3dB46R86LK0pTEVVrGaddjnPzaAEh7Uwzy3LncC1y7pJqGKW1b3RGUE8n 4SgstMo/4tRNUe/AUcPn9FXkCoc5jFvn8gPwVoTRKwhYu0oTco2gNKZs1rmFdmkmobGaMjZuhWyWG2PO1oXIVPkpgILmD42yAMDxWkS4DVvgJChXJRukjBzfOitsQwHapjqPqf/q3mfBaQzNUwROcSfGBe6KlI5yfjWU309KRKaCYWNQ== | MMhPovG/N3k Xjou6kS9V7QtEvlA5NS8/n62KVRVVGEnsh5bhwEhBZxlK72AQv8e4niATWPEiJJU6i7Z08NkU5FWNIvuWwlGTdEEW+kK7XQXib6cNAdnmo4RH72SWhDxEp3tMwwoZif2932H8WDEbNdP6bCP69ekBA7Z+nGtXaeh+H9BAaLf1e6XunBj2YN7zs4sFWB2Kxs2 IugLWd9g9677BWzUeJIzpJfVLro4HYlzASh9AMKb8wPRU0LlEpxtqUdejj7IY5M1hVhDTCCLSQjSqJscqzG1pYQ04W7KNdGwWxJPMjvyPC2K4H+HQuW0IWVjvFpyYd/5q1eIQX+vjdw== | oF4nyIjtVtWuydg6QiSg3BDadWe48nhbBEZSLrR5GVigA768 E3n1npN6sdstzG7bRVnphtfwIZwQ3MUFURWCbUCe0VqioNgVXFhiRvr3DAw2AH64ss/h65B2U5whAygnq4kiy5JvPD0z0omtfs9913QeoO+ilvPVLEc0q3n0jD9ZQlkNVfHSytx1NY86gWnESquTVhkVQ55QDV8GY70YLX9V6nU7ldu+zpNLmf2+rfpxqbRC i16jnHGDcTT7CKeq+AxbiJDeaaAmSPpxTZsrX4sXFW4rpNtSmOyuyHZziy8rkN8xSpyhvrmxjC7EYe4bn6L/+hay108Wn0BSFYe2ow== | 8 | t | 2006-02-14 | 2021-08-08 19:10:29.337653 | 1 <...> (3 rows) test=#

Awesome, we get our data encrypted! What about the “decrypt” part of the class? Let’s check it out:

test=# CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION getCustomerCrypto(int) RETURNS SETOF customer AS 'com.percona.blog.pljava.CustomerCrypto.getCustomerCrypto' LANGUAGE java;<br>CREATE FUNCTION<br><br>test=# SELECT * FROM getCustomerCrypto(10);<br> customer_id | store_id | first_name | last_name |               email               | address_id | activebool | create_date |     last_update     | active <br>-------------+----------+------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+------------+------------+-------------+---------------------+--------<br>          10 |        1 | DOROTHY    | TAYLOR    | DOROTHY.TAYLOR@sakilacustomer.org |         14 | t          | 2006-02-14  | 2006-02-15 09:57:20 |      1<br>(1 row)<br><br>test=#

1

Worked like a charm! Here we finish part two and at this point, we are able to query and manipulate objects inside of our database. The next and last article of this series will cover external calls, and we’ll see how to use external resources from PL/Java. Don’t miss it!

[1] https://github.com/elchinoo/blogs/tree/main/pljava

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