Restoring Individual Tables

Restoring Individual Tables

In server versions prior to 5.6, it is not possible to copy tables between servers by copying the files, even with innodb_file_per_table. However, with Percona XtraBackup, you can export individual tables from any InnoDB database, and import them into Percona Server for MySQL with XtraDB or MySQL 5.6. (The source doesn’t have to be XtraDB or MySQL 5.6, but the destination does.) This only works on individual .ibd files, and cannot export a table that is not contained in its own .ibd file.

Let’s see how to export and import the following table:

CREATE TABLE export_test (
  a int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

Note

If you’re running Percona Server for MySQL version older than 5.5.10-20.1, variable innodb_expand_import should be used instead of innodb_import_table_from_xtrabackup.

Exporting the Table

This table should have been created in innodb_file_per_table mode, so after taking a backup as usual with xtrabackup --backup, the .ibd file should exist in the target directory:

$ find /data/backups/mysql/ -name export_test.*
/data/backups/mysql/test/export_test.ibd

when you prepare the backup, add the extra parameter xtrabackup --export to the command. Here is an example:

$ xtrabackup --prepare --export --target-dir=/data/backups/mysql/

Note

If you’re trying to restore encrypted InnoDB tablespace table you’ll need to specify the keyring file as well:

xtrabackup --prepare --export --target-dir=/tmp/table \
--keyring-file-data=/var/lib/mysql-keyring/keyring

Now you should see a .exp file in the target directory:

$ find /data/backups/mysql/ -name export_test.*
/data/backups/mysql/test/export_test.exp
/data/backups/mysql/test/export_test.ibd
/data/backups/mysql/test/export_test.cfg

These three files are all you need to import the table into a server running Percona Server for MySQL with XtraDB or MySQL 5.7. In case server is using InnoDB Tablespace Encryption additional .cfp file be listed for encrypted tables.

Note

MySQL uses .cfg file which contains InnoDB dictionary dump in special format. This format is different from the .exp` one which is used in XtraDB for the same purpose. Strictly speaking, a .cfg` file is not required to import a tablespace to MySQL 5.7 or Percona Server for MySQL 5.7. A tablespace will be imported successfully even if it is from another server, but InnoDB will do schema validation if the corresponding .cfg file is present in the same directory.

Importing the Table

On the destination server running Percona Server for MySQL with XtraDB and innodb_import_table_from_xtrabackup option enabled, or MySQL 5.6, create a table with the same structure, and then perform the following steps:

  • Execute ALTER TABLE test.export_test DISCARD TABLESPACE;
    • If you see the following message, then you must enable innodb_file_per_table and create the table again: ERROR 1030 (HY000): Got error -1 from storage engine
  • Copy the exported files to the test/ subdirectory of the destination server’s data directory
  • Execute ALTER TABLE test.export_test IMPORT TABLESPACE;

The table should now be imported, and you should be able to SELECT from it and see the imported data.

Note

Persistent statistics for imported tablespace will be empty until you run the ANALYZE TABLE on the imported table. They will be empty because they are stored in the system tables mysql.innodb_table_stats and mysql.innodb_index_stats and they aren’t updated by server during the import. This is due to upstream bug #72368.

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