pt-show-grants - Canonicalize and print MySQL grants so you can effectively replicate, compare and version-control them.
pt-show-grants [OPTIONS] [DSN]
pt-show-grants shows grants (user privileges) from a MySQL server.
pt-show-grants
pt-show-grants --separate --revoke | diff othergrants.sql -
The following section is included to inform users about the potential risks, whether known or unknown, of using this tool. The two main categories of risks are those created by the nature of the tool (e.g. read-only tools vs. read-write tools) and those created by bugs.
pt-show-grants is read-only by default, and very low-risk. If you specify --flush, it will execute FLUSH PRIVILEGES.
At the time of this release, we know of no bugs that could cause serious harm to users.
The authoritative source for updated information is always the online issue tracking system. Issues that affect this tool will be marked as such. You can see a list of such issues at the following URL: http://www.percona.com/bugs/pt-show-grants.
See also “BUGS” for more information on filing bugs and getting help.
pt-show-grants extracts, orders, and then prints grants for MySQL user accounts.
Why would you want this? There are several reasons.
The first is to easily replicate users from one server to another; you can simply extract the grants from the first server and pipe the output directly into another server.
The second use is to place your grants into version control. If you do a daily automated grant dump into version control, you’ll get lots of spurious changesets for grants that don’t change, because MySQL prints the actual grants out in a seemingly random order. For instance, one day it’ll say
GRANT DELETE, INSERT, UPDATE ON `test`.* TO 'foo'@'%';
And then another day it’ll say
GRANT INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE ON `test`.* TO 'foo'@'%';
The grants haven’t changed, but the order has. This script sorts the grants within the line, between ‘GRANT’ and ‘ON’. If there are multiple rows from SHOW GRANTS, it sorts the rows too, except that it always prints the row with the user’s password first, if it exists. This removes three kinds of inconsistency you’ll get from running SHOW GRANTS, and avoids spurious changesets in version control.
Third, if you want to diff grants across servers, it will be hard without “canonicalizing” them, which pt-show-grants does. The output is fully diff-able.
With the --revoke, --separate and other options, pt-show-grants also makes it easy to revoke specific privileges from users. This is tedious otherwise.
This tool accepts additional command-line arguments. Refer to the “SYNOPSIS” and usage information for details.
Prompt for a password when connecting to MySQL.
short form: -A; type: string
Default character set. If the value is utf8, sets Perl’s binmode on STDOUT to utf8, passes the mysql_enable_utf8 option to DBD::mysql, and runs SET NAMES UTF8 after connecting to MySQL. Any other value sets binmode on STDOUT without the utf8 layer, and runs SET NAMES after connecting to MySQL.
type: Array
Read this comma-separated list of config files; if specified, this must be the first option on the command line.
short form: -D; type: string
The database to use for the connection.
short form: -F; type: string
Only read mysql options from the given file. You must give an absolute pathname.
Add DROP USER before each user in the output.
Add FLUSH PRIVILEGES after output.
You might need this on pre-4.1.1 servers if you want to drop a user completely.
default: yes
Print dump header.
The header precedes the dumped grants. It looks like:
-- Grants dumped by :program:`pt-show-grants` 1.0.19
-- Dumped from server Localhost via UNIX socket, MySQL 5.0.82-log at 2009-10-26 10:01:04
See also --[no]timestamp.
Show help and exit.
short form: -h; type: string
Connect to host.
type: array
Ignore this comma-separated list of users.
type: array
Only show grants for this comma-separated list of users.
short form: -p; type: string
Password to use when connecting.
type: string
Create the given PID file. The file contains the process ID of the script. The PID file is removed when the script exits. Before starting, the script checks if the PID file already exists. If it does not, then the script creates and writes its own PID to it. If it does, then the script checks the following: if the file contains a PID and a process is running with that PID, then the script dies; or, if there is no process running with that PID, then the script overwrites the file with its own PID and starts; else, if the file contains no PID, then the script dies.
short form: -P; type: int
Port number to use for connection.
Add REVOKE statements for each GRANT statement.
List each GRANT or REVOKE separately.
The default output from MySQL’s SHOW GRANTS command lists many privileges on a single line. With --flush, places a FLUSH PRIVILEGES after each user, instead of once at the end of all the output.
type: string; default: wait_timeout=10000
Set these MySQL variables. Immediately after connecting to MySQL, this string will be appended to SET and executed.
short form: -S; type: string
Socket file to use for connection.
default: yes
Add timestamp to the dump header.
See also --[no]header.
short form: -u; type: string
User for login if not current user.
Show version and exit.
These DSN options are used to create a DSN. Each option is given like option=value. The options are case-sensitive, so P and p are not the same option. There cannot be whitespace before or after the = and if the value contains whitespace it must be quoted. DSN options are comma-separated. See the percona-toolkit manpage for full details.
dsn: charset; copy: yes
Default character set.
dsn: database; copy: yes
Default database.
dsn: mysql_read_default_file; copy: yes
Only read default options from the given file
dsn: host; copy: yes
Connect to host.
dsn: password; copy: yes
Password to use when connecting.
dsn: port; copy: yes
Port number to use for connection.
dsn: mysql_socket; copy: yes
Socket file to use for connection.
dsn: user; copy: yes
User for login if not current user.
The environment variable PTDEBUG enables verbose debugging output to STDERR. To enable debugging and capture all output to a file, run the tool like:
PTDEBUG=1 pt-show-grants ... > FILE 2>&1
Be careful: debugging output is voluminous and can generate several megabytes of output.
You need Perl, DBI, DBD::mysql, and some core packages that ought to be installed in any reasonably new version of Perl.
For a list of known bugs, see http://www.percona.com/bugs/pt-show-grants.
Please report bugs at https://bugs.launchpad.net/percona-toolkit. Include the following information in your bug report:
If possible, include debugging output by running the tool with PTDEBUG; see “ENVIRONMENT”.
Visit http://www.percona.com/software/percona-toolkit/ to download the latest release of Percona Toolkit. Or, get the latest release from the command line:
wget percona.com/get/percona-toolkit.tar.gz
wget percona.com/get/percona-toolkit.rpm
wget percona.com/get/percona-toolkit.deb
You can also get individual tools from the latest release:
wget percona.com/get/TOOL
Replace TOOL with the name of any tool.
Baron Schwartz
This tool is part of Percona Toolkit, a collection of advanced command-line tools developed by Percona for MySQL support and consulting. Percona Toolkit was forked from two projects in June, 2011: Maatkit and Aspersa. Those projects were created by Baron Schwartz and developed primarily by him and Daniel Nichter, both of whom are employed by Percona. Visit http://www.percona.com/software/ for more software developed by Percona.
This program is copyright 2011-2013 Percona Ireland Ltd, 2007-2011 Baron Schwartz.
THIS PROGRAM IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2; OR the Perl Artistic License. On UNIX and similar systems, you can issue `man perlgpl’ or `man perlartistic’ to read these licenses.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA.
pt-show-grants 2.1.10
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