.. _post-installation:

===============================================================================
Post-Installation
===============================================================================

After you have installed |Percona Server|, you may need to do the following:

.. tabularcolumns:: |p{5cm}|p{5cm}|

.. list-table::
   :header-rows: 1

   * - Task
     - Description
   * - Initialize the data directory
     - The source distribution or generic binary distribution installation does not automatically initialize the data directory
   * - Update the ``root`` password
     - The CentOS/RedHat installations set up a temporary ``root`` password. 
   * - Start the server
     - Common method to start the server and check the status
   * - Configure the server to start on startup
     - Use ``systemd`` to start the server automatically
   * - Testing the server
     - Verify the server returns information
   * - Enable time zone recognition
     - Populate the time zone tables

Initializing the Data Directory
-------------------------------

If you install the server using either the source distribution or generic binary distribution files, the data directory is not initialized, and you must run the initialization process after installation. 

Run `mysqld` with the `--initialize <https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-options.html#option_mysqld_initialize>`_ option or the `initialize-insecure <https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-options.html#option_mysqld_initialize-insecure>`_ option.

Executing `mysqld` with either option does the following:

* Verifies the existence of the data directory
* Initializes the system tablespace and related structures
* Creates system tables including grant tables, time zone tables, and server-side help tables
* Creates ``root@localhost``

You should run the following steps with the ``mysql`` login. 

1. Navigate to the MySQL directory. The example uses the default location.

.. code-block:: bash

    $ cd /usr/local/mysql

2. Create a directory for the MySQL files. The `secure_file_priv <https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_secure_file_priv>`_ uses the directory path as a value.

.. code-block:: bash

    $ mkdir mydata

The ``mysql`` user account should have the ``drwxr-x---`` permissions.
Four sections define the permissions; file or directory, User, Group, and Others. 

The first character designates if the permissions are for a file or directory. The first character is ``d`` for a directory. 

The rest of the sections are specified in three-character sets. 

.. tabularcolumns:: |p{5cm}|p{5cm}|p{5cm}|p{5cm}|

.. list-table::
   :header-rows: 1

   * - Permission 
     - User 
     - Group 
     - Other 
   * - Read
     - Yes
     - Yes
     - No 
   * - Write
     - Yes
     - No
     - No
   * - Execute
     - Yes
     - Yes
     - No


3. Run the command to initialize the data directory. 

.. code-block:: bash

    $ bin/mysqld --initialize
    

Secure the Installation
-----------------------

The `mysql_secure_installation
<https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-secure-installation.html>`_
script improves the security of the installation.

Running the script does the following:

* Changes the ``root`` password
* Disallows remote login for ``root`` accounts
* Removes anonymous users
* Removes the ``test`` database
* Reloads the privilege tables

The following statement runs the script:

.. code-block:: bash

    $ mysql_secure_installation

Testing the Server
---------------------------------------------

After a generic binary installation, the server starts. The following command checks the server status:

.. code-block:: bash

    $ sudo service mysql status
    
Access the server with the following command:

.. code-block:: bash

    $ mysql -u root -p
    
Configuring the Server to Start at Startup
------------------------------------------------------

You can manage the server with systemd. If you have installed the server from a generic binary distribution on an operating system that uses systemd, you can manually configure systemd support. 

The following commands start, check the status, and stop the server:

.. code-block:: bash

   $ systemctl start mysql
   $ systemctl status mysql
   $ systemctl stop mysql

Enabling the server to start at startup, run the following:

.. code-block:: bash

   systemctl enable mysql

Testing the Server
------------------

After you have initialized the data directory, and the server is started, you can run tests on the server. 

This section assumes you have used the default installation settings. If you have modified the installation, navigate to the installation location. You can also add the location by `Setting the Environment Variables <https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/setting-environment-variables.html>`_.

You can use the `mysqladmin <https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqladmin.html>`_ client to access the server. 

If you have issues connecting to the server, you should use the ``root`` user and the root account password.

.. code-block:: bash

    $ sudo mysqladmin -u root -p version
    Enter password: 

    mysql Ver 8.0.19-10 for debian-linux-gnu on x86_64 (Percona Server (GPL), Release '10', Revision 'f446c04')
    ...
    Server version      8.0.19-10
    Protocol version    10
    Connection          Localhost via UNIX socket
    UNIX socket         /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
    Uptime:             4 hours 58 min 10 section

    Threads:    2 Questions:    16 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 139 Flush tables: 3
    Open tables: 59  Queries per second avg: 0.0000 

Use `mysqlshow <https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqlshow.html>`_ to display database and table information.

.. code-block:: bash

    $ sudo mysqlshow -u root -p 
    Enter password:

    +---------------------+
    |      Databases      |
    +=====================+
    | information_schema  |
    +---------------------+
    | mysql               |
    +---------------------+
    | performance_schema  |
    +---------------------+
    | sys                 |
    +---------------------+


Populating the Time Zone Tables
--------------------------------

The time zone system tables are the following:

* ``time_zone``
* ``time_zone_leap_second``
* ``time_zone_name``
* ``time_zone_transition``
* ``time_zone_transition_type``

If you install the server using either the source distribution or generic binary distribution files, the installation creates the time zone tables, but the tables are not populated. 

The `mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
<https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-tzinfo-to-sql.html>`_ program
populates the tables from the ``zoneinfo`` directory data available in Linux.

A common method to populate the tables is to add the zoneinfo directory path to ``mysql_tzinfo_to_sql`` and then send the output into ``mysql``. 

The example assumes you are running the command with the ``root`` account. You must use an account with the privileges able to modify MySQL system tables.

.. code-block:: bash

    $ mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/share/zoneinfo | mysql -u root -p rootpassword